Thai banknotes and their signatures 03

For the third period of signatures on Thai banknotes, this article deals with the notes issued under the ruling of King Rama VII, Prajadhipok.

King Rama VII

Prajadhipok became king, after the his brother, Rama VI died in 1925, after a reign of only 15 years.
Rama VII, the younger brother of Rama VI, was the 32th (!) child of Rama V.
He ruled more or less between the two world wars, and was the last absolute monarch of Thailand (Siam at that time).

At first, he was not meant the be the next king of Thailand.
There was one prince higher in rank, Field Marshal Chakrabongse Bhuvanath, the Prince of Phitsanulok.

Prince Chakrabongse Bhuvanath

He was the 40th (!!) child of Rama V, but he died in 1920. Logically, his son, Prince Chula Chakrabongse would be in line for the throne.

Prince Chula Chakrabongse

However, his father had married a foreigner (Ukraine) and a recently enforced Succession Law, barred him from the throne.

In his short life, Rama VII died at the age of 47, he was only king for a period of 10 years.
Only 4 different signatures were used during his life, but he was the first king having his portrait on the Thai notes issued in 1934-35.

First difference is, that all of the notes only bare one signature, that of a minister of Finance.
Another change with the previous banknotes, is that for the first time the currency is the thai Baht, and no longer the 'Tical' (one Tical equals one Baht).

Combination 11 : BoT :  -

                             MRT : T5 Praya Komarakunmontri [26 Oct 1929 - 9 Apr 1932]

Praya Komarakunmontri

From here on, banknotes were signed by a Minister of Finance, hence the new numbering 'M'

Combination 12 : BoT :  -

                             MRT : M01 Praya Manopakornnititad [29 Jun 1932 - 23 Jun 1933]

Praya Manopakornnititad

Combination 13 : BoT :  -

                             MRT : M02 Chaopraya Sritanmatibet [24 Jun 1933 - 21 Sep 1934]

Chaopraya Sritanmatibet

Sritanmatibet had the highest nobility rank, below the royals (such as Prince).
'Chaopraya' is a higher rank than 'Praya', and 'Praya' again is a higher rank than 'Pra'.
Next to the rank, also a specific title is given to noblemen. But not only noblemen got ranked and titled in Thailand.

Ranks and titles were also given to monks, the Royal boats, Elephants and horses, and even the river that flows through Bangkok has the rank of Chaopraya!

Combination 14 : BoT :  -

                             MRT : M03 Praya Manavarajsevi [22 Sep 1934 - 1 Aug 1935]

Praya Manavarajsevi

to be continued...

Thai banknotes and their signatures 02

The second period of signatures on Thai banknotes, runs from 1910 till 1925, when King Rama VI was ruling.

King Rama VI - Vajiravudh

Rama VI, or King Vajiravudh, son of King Rama V, ruled less than 15 years, but he introduced family names in Thai society, and his love for literature made him translate serveral works of Shakespeare and Agatha Christie. Under his rule, all Thai were entitled to follow elementary education.

During his reign, 5 new signature combinations can be found on the banknotes. By the end of his life, some banknotes were issued with only one signature too.

For the combinations 5, 6, 7 and 8, Prince Kitiya Woralak signed for the Royal Treasury.
The signature of the Bank Official changed 4 times.

Combination 5 : BoT :  B3 Pra Manatmanit [21 Aug 1909 - 1 Jan 1917]

Pra Manatmanit (B3)

                            MRT : T3 Prince Chantaburinarunat [1 Apr 1908 - 17 Jan 1922] 

Praya Chaiyossomba

Combination 6 : BoT :  B4 Praya Chaiyossombat [1 Jan 1917 - 6 Dec 1920]
                           MRT : T3 Prince Chantaburinarunat [1 Apr 1908 - 17 Jan 1922]

Combination 7 : BoT :  no signature
                           MRT : T3 Prince Chantaburinarunat [1 Apr 1908 - 17 Jan 1922]

Combination 8 : BoT :  B5 Praya Thep Ratananarin [6 Dec 1920 -17 Jul 1925]

Praya Thep Ratananarin (B5)

                            MRT : T3 Prince Chantaburinarunat [1 Apr 1908 - 17 Jan 1922]

It might be confusing, but signature combination 5 and 8 are actually the same people.
In the 5th combination, we find the signature of Pra Manatmanit, where in combination 8, the signature reads as Praya Thep Ratananarin. The difference is the nobility rank that was given.
"Pra" is a lower rank than "Praya". In Thai nobility, next to the rank, also a title is given (often by the King himself). After getting promoted, Pra Mananmanit, became Praya Thep Ratanarin. His signature changed and was know with his highest title afterwards.

Pra Manatmanit (B3) /
Praya Thep Ratananarin (B5)

Combination 9 : BoT :  B5 Praya Thep Ratananarin [6 Dec 1920 -17 Jul 1925]

                           MRT : T4 Prince Supayok Kasem [17 Jan 1922 - 26 Dec 1929]

On this 9th combination of signatures, we encounter again a prince, Prince Kashemsri Subhayok, the Prince Divakaravongse Pravati, son of Rama IV, and brother of King Rama V. 

Prince Supayok Kasem

On combination 10, we only find one signature, Prince Supayok Kasem, minister of Finance.
As Prince Kasem Supayok survived his uncle, Rama VI, his signature continues on the later notes.

to be continued...

Thai banknotes and their signatures 01

When it comes to different signatures on banknotes, there are few countries who have more variations, than the Thai banknotes. Often, signatures are hardly readable, but for non-Thai speakers (readers) the various signatures really are hard to distinguish.

The first real Thai banknotes appeared in 1892. Until 1928, there are 2 signatures on the notes.
Between 1928 and 1945 (with one exeption) there is only one signature on the notes. After WWII, again 2 signatures appear on the notes.

Most of the time, one signature is from someone of the Bank of Thailand, while the second signature comes from the Ministry of Finance.

The first period is under the rule of King Rama V (King Chulalongkorn) 1868-1910.

King Rama V (1868-1910)

4 combinations of signatures appear on the banknotes, until 1910.

In the first column, we find signatures of authorized members of the Bank of Thailand (BoT),
in the second column, the signatures of members of the Royal Tresury (MRT)

Combination 1 :  BoT :  B1 Prince Rajchanee Jamjarad
                            MRT : T1 Prince Mahisorn Rajharutai

Combination 2 :  BoT :  B2 Pra Suwanpakdee
                            MRT : T1 Prince Mahisorn Rajharutai

Combination 3 :  BoT :  B2 Pra Suwanpakdee
                            MRT : T2 Praya Suriyanuwat

Combination 4 :  BoT :  B2 Pra Suwanpakdee
                            MRT : T3 Prince Chantaburinarunat 

BoT: 

Both Prince Jamjarad as Pra Suwanpakdee, were head of the 'banknote department'

B1 Prince Rajchanee Jamjarad (great-grandson of Rama II) [7 Sep 1902 - 5 Mar 1903]

Prince Rajchanee Jamjarad

B2 Pra Suwanpakdee [5 Mar 1903 - 21 Aug 1909]

Pra Suwanpakdee

MRT:

Under the rule of Rama V, 3 different Ministers of Tresury signed the notes:

T1 Prince Mahisorn Rajharutai (son of Rama IV) - founder of the first commercial bank of Thailand. [26 Aug 1896 - 1 June 1906]

Prince Mahisorn Rajharutai

T2 Praya Suriyanuwat [1 June 1906 - 17 Feb 1907]

Praya Suriyanuwat

T3 Prince Kitiyakara Voralaksana, Prince of Chandaburi (12th child of Rama V) [17 Feb 1907 - 31 Mar 1907 and 1 Apr 1908 - 17 Jan 1922]

Prince Chantaburinarunat

to be continued...

Odd stamps : 06 p Stamps on cotton / silk

Recently I was lucky to find a stamp that emitted in Switzerland in 2000.
It is the world's first embroided stamp, face value of 5 Swiss Francs.

Even in 2000 it was not easy to obtain the stamp, and even collectors with a subscription to the new issues of Switzerland, sometimes had to wait to get this particular stamp.

the world's first embroided stamp

The 'stamp' is auto-adhesive and rectangular, without perforations. It has a flower design and the word HELVETIA (Latin name of Switzerland).
The stamps were emitted in blocks of 4, forming a sheetlet with an additional embroided border.

One week later however, my joy was complete, as a full sheet of this stamp also came to auction.
There were no bidders (although not many Switserland collectors have the full sheet in their collection), so I obtained this piece of art, for a very affordable price.

Full sheet of the embroided Swiss stamp (2000)

to be continued...

Currency Today : Venezuela 18

It has been a while since I have added some Venezolan notes.

More can be found under : Previous issues Venezuela

As a quick reminder, the series of banknotes, started with the Bolívares Fuertes (BsF), in 2007.
With a set of 2 Bolívares, up to a 100 Bolívares -note.
In 2017, the set was extended (replaced) by higher values of the BsF currency.
A set of 500 BsF to 100,000 BsF was in use.

Boliváres Fuertes 2007-2017

From 2018 on, the BsF was replaced by new notes, omitting 5 zero's.
The new 200,000 BsF became a 2 BsS-note (Boliváres Soberanos).
This set came at first with a 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 - note. In march of the same year, a 200 BsS-note, and in May a 500 BsS-note were added.

In 2019, they skipped a possible 1000, 2000 and 5000 BsS-note, and started emitting 10,000; 20,000; 50,000 BsS.
By 2020, they skipped a possible 100,000-note, and went straight away to 200MIL (200,000), 500MIL (500,000) and 1 Million (1,000,000).
 

2018-2020 Boliváres Soberanos

One year later, the Boliváres Soberanos were not coping with the inflation anymore, so another devaluation took place, now emitting 6 zero's on the notes.
The note representing 1 million BsS became 1 BsD (Bolívares Digitales) - or 10,000,000,000 BsF if you like.

The note was not reprinted, in the new currency, but the 1 of 1 Millión, was good enough to recognize it as a new '1' -note. Followed by 5, 10 and 20 in the new BsD-currency.

2021 Boliváres Digitales

 

On April 29, 2021, the set was completed with a new 50 and 100 Bolívares Digitales note.

50 and 100 Bolívares Digitales

 

Reverse - 200th anniversary of the battle of Carabobo

Evolution of the Bolívares-banknotes:

evolution of the Bolívares notes

Odd stamps : 06 p Stamps on cotton / silk

Once again, a new smooth stamp/sheetlet from Thailand.
Depicting two pets, a dog with a cat on his back, and printed on velvet paper.
Touching the stamp/sheetlet, it feels like petting the animals for real.

This sheetlet of 25 baht, is only issued on 300,000 copies. A rather small number for a country with almost 70 million people (2024).
It was issued on February 2024 to commemorate the 'Love your pet - day'.
The stamp was printed on velvet paper, to promote philately.

In the bottom corner of the sheetlet, we see a qr-code which leads to the website of the Thai post.
For those who don't speak phasa Thai (Thai), the site is also available in phasa Ankrit (English):

Thailandpost.co.th

to be continued....

Commemorative coins - San Marino 4

To complete the zodiac set of 12 coins, San Marino issued the last 3 coins in 2021.
The last set consists of the Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces -coins.

Each of the 2021 coins has a mintage of 16000 brass coins.

The Capricorn-coin (It: capricorno)

Capricorn - coin 2021 RSM

The Aquarius-coin (It: acquario)

Aquarius - coin 2021 RSM

The Pisces-coin (It: pesci)

Pisces - coin 2021 RSM

With these 3 coins, the set is of western zodiac sign coins is completed.

to be continued...

Commemorative coins - San Marino 3

The set of Zodiac coins of San Marino, coninued in 2020 with 3 additional coins: Libra, Scorpio and Saggitarius. Each of the 2020 coins has a mintage of 16000 brass pieces

The first coin dated 2020, is the Libra-coin (It: bilancia).

2020 Libra - coin  RSM

The second coin, is the Scorpio-coin (It: scoprione)

2020 Scorpio - coin RSM

The third and last coin for 2020 is the Sagittarius-coin (It: sagittario)

2020 Sagittarius - coin RSM

At the moment of wrinting this article, the 2020-coins, were still available on the website of the San Marino post, at the price of the face value. Each of the coins were delivered in a hard plastic holder.

The 2019 and 2018 coins were already sold out.

to be continued...

Commemorative coins - San Marino 2

In 2019, 4 coins were added to the set: Gemini, Cancer, Leo and Virgo.

Similar to the 2018 coins, is the obverse side, with the sun, all zodiac symbols and the country's name.

Gemini - coin 2019 RSM

 

Cancer - coin 2019 RSM

The Gemini-coin (It: gemelli) shows two mirrored toddlers reaching for the stars, while the Cancer-coin (It: cancro) depicts a crab.

Leo - coin 2019 RSM

The fifth coin is the Leo-sign (It: leone) and the sixth coin is the Virgo-sign (It: vergine)

Virgo - coin 2019 RSM

All coins have a face value of € 5, but sinde they are no longer available on the San Marino Post website, prices start to go up.

to be continued ....

Commemorative coins - San Marino 1

When paying in Europe with cash, the chance of spending or receiving a commemorative € 2 - coin, is not that uncommon. Till 2023, about 610 (!) different € 2 coins, other than the regular ones, are in use.

Also higher denominations are minted, but those coins are never seen in circulation.
First of all because they are printed in very limited numbers, or sold at a higher price than the nominal value.

One specific set of coins drew my attention. The set consists of 12 coins, issued over 4 years (in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021). 12 coins, that sounds familiar ... indeed these 12 coins are dedicated to the 12 western zodiac signs.

In 2018, the first two coins were issued.
Each coin has a face value of € 5 and the reverse side is common to all 12 coins.

reverse side of the coins

The outer circle, shows all 12 symbols of the western zodiac.
In the second circle, we see the issuing country : "Repubblica di San Marino", and the designer's name A. Masini. The third circle shows all lunar phases, around the sun in the centre of the coin.
Behind the sun we see a compass rose, and the sun is surrounded by 3 feathers, a symbol of the San Marino Republic.

On the front side of the first coin, the Aries (It: ariete) or Ram is shown

Aries issue 2018

The second coin of 2018 depicts the Taurus (It: toro) or Bull.

Taurus issue 2018

Each coin shows the year of issuing (here 2018), the face value of 5 euro, and the name of the constellation. Also the stars are depicted, and the related symbol is repeated 10 times on the perimeter of the coin.

The set of 2018 coins have a mintage of 15000 coins (brass).
They are sold out on the official website of the San Marino postal services.

to be continued...